Impact of land-surface initialization on sub-seasonal to seasonal forecasts over Europe     

Chloé Prodhomme  Francisco Doblas-Reyes  Omar Bellprat  Emanuel Dutra 《Climate Dynamics》2016,47(3-4):919-935

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Impacts of Indian and Atlantic oceans on ENSO in a comprehensive modeling framework     

Pascal Terray  Sébastien Masson  Chloé Prodhomme  Mathew Koll Roxy  K. P. Sooraj 《Climate Dynamics》2016,46(7-8):2507-2533

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Occurrence,durée et intensité des précipitations simulées par deux modèles régionaux canadiens du climat sur la région du Maghreb     

Mariem Jelassi  Philippe Gachon  René Laprise 《大气与海洋》2016,54(5):469-497

[Translated by the editorial staff] Simulating the precipitation regime of Northern Africa is challenging for regional climate models, particularly because of the strong spatial and temporal variability of rain events in the region. In this study we evaluate simulations conducted with two recent versions of regional climate models (RCM) developed in Canada: the CRCM5 and CanRCM4. Both are also used in the COordinated Regional Climate Downscaling EXperiment (CORDEX)-Africa. The assessment is based on the occurrence, duration, and intensity indices of daily precipitation in Maghreb during the fall and spring seasons from 1998 to 2008. We also examine the links between the North-Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, weather systems, and the precipitation regime over the region. During the rainy season (September to February), the CRCM5 reproduces the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation adequately, as well as the occurrence of days with rain, while the CanRCM4 underestimates precipitation extremes. The study of links between weather systems and the precipitation regime shows that, along the Atlantic coast, precipitation (occurrence, intensity, and wet sequences) increases significantly with storm frequency in the fall. In winter, these links grow stronger going east, from the Atlantic coast to the Mediterranean coast. The negative phases of the NAO index are statistically associated with the increase in rain intensity, extremes, and accumulation along the Atlantic coast in the fall. However, the link weakens in winter over these regions and strengthens along the Mediterranean coast as the precipitation frequency rises during negative phases of the NAO. Both RCMs generally reproduce the links between the NAO and the precipitation regime well, regardless of location.  相似文献   

Assessment of the accuracy of global geodetic satellite laser ranging observations and estimated impact on ITRF scale: estimation of systematic errors in LAGEOS observations 1993–2014     

Graham Appleby  José Rodríguez  Zuheir Altamimi 《Journal of Geodesy》2016,90(12):1371-1388

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Estimation of transit trip production using Factorial Kriging with External Drift: an aggregated data case study     

Anabele Lindner  Cira Souza Pitombo  Samille Santos Rocha  José Alberto Quintanilha 《地球空间信息科学学报》2016,19(4):245-254

Studies in transportation planning routinely use data in which location attributes are an important source of information. Thus, using spatial attributes in urban travel forecasting models seems reasonable. The main objective of this paper is to estimate transit trip production using Factorial Kriging with External Drift (FKED) through an aggregated data case study of Traffic Analysis Zones in São Paulo city, Brazil. The method consists of a sequential application of Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Kriging with External Drift (KED). The traditional Linear Regression (LR) model was adopted with the aim of validating the proposed method. The results show that PCA summarizes and combines 23 socioeconomic variables using 4 components. The first component is introduced in KED, as secondary information, to estimate transit trip production by public transport in geographic coordinates where there is no prior knowledge of the values. Cross-validation for the FKED model presented high values of the correlation coefficient between estimated and observed values. Moreover, low error values were observed. The accuracy of the LR model was similar to FKED. However, the proposed method is able to map the transit trip production in several geographical coordinates of non-sampled values.  相似文献   

An open source GIS‐based Planning Support System: Application to the land use plan of La Troncal,Ecuador          下载免费PDF全文

Inés Santé  Natalia Pacurucu  Marcos Boullón  Andrés Manuel García  David Miranda 《Transactions in GIS》2016,20(6):976-990

Planning Support Systems (PSS) comprise a wide variety of geo‐technological tools related to GIS and spatial modeling aimed at addressing land planning processes. This article describes the OpenRules system, a PSS based on a previous system called RULES. Among OpenRules new features are its architecture, based exclusively on free and open source software, and its applicability to all land use types, including rural and urban uses. In addition, OpenRules incorporates an unlimited number of land evaluation factors and a new objective in land use spatial allocation. OpenRules has been programmed in Java and implemented as a module of the free GIS software gvSIG, with full integration between the GIS and the decision support tools. Decision support tools include multicriteria evaluation, multiobjective linear programming and heuristic techniques, which support three basic stages of land use planning processes, namely land suitability evaluation, land use area optimization and land use spatial allocation. The application of OpenRules to the region of La Troncal, Ecuador, demonstrates its capability to generate alternative and coherent solutions through a scientific and justified procedure at low cost in terms of time and resources.  相似文献   

Local indices for the South American monsoon system and its impacts on Southeast Brazilian precipitation patterns     

David Marcolino Nielsen  Marcio Cataldi  André Luiz Belém  Ana Luiza Spadano Albuquerque 《Natural Hazards》2016,81(2):909-938

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Forecast model of allergenic hazard using trends of Poaceae airborne pollen over an urban area in SW Iberian Peninsula (Europe)     

Santiago Fernández-Rodríguez  Pablo Durán-Barroso  Inmaculada Silva-Palacios  Rafael Tormo-Molina  José María Maya-Manzano  Ángela Gonzalo-Garijo 《Natural Hazards》2016,84(1):121-137

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A local-scale approach to estuarine flood risk management   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Paula Freire  Alexandre O. Tavares  Luís Sá  Anabela Oliveira  André B. Fortunato  Pedro P. dos Santos  Ana Rilo  João L. Gomes  João Rogeiro  Rui Pablo  Pedro J. Pinto 《Natural Hazards》2016,84(3):1705-1739

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Spatial distribution of crustaceans associated with shallow soft‐bottom habitats in a coral reef lagoon          下载免费PDF全文

Carlos Navarro‐Barranco  José M. Guerra‐García 《Marine Ecology》2016,37(1):77-87

The ecology and diversity of the shallow soft‐bottom areas adjacent to coral reefs are still poorly known. To date, the few studies conducted in these habitats dealing with macroinvertebrate fauna have focused on their abundance spatial patterns at high taxonomic levels. Thus, some aspects important to evaluate the importance and vulnerability of these habitats, such as species diversity or the degree of habitat specialization, have often been overlooked. In this study we compared the crustacean assemblages present in four different habitats at Magoodhoo Island coral reef lagoon (Maldives): coral rubble, sandy areas and two different seagrass species (Thalassia hemprichii and Cymodocea sp.). Forty‐two different crustacean species belonging to 30 families and four orders were found. ‘Site’ was a significant factor in all of the statistical analyses, indicating that tropical soft‐bottom habitats can be highly heterogeneous, even at a spatial scale between tens and hundreds of meters. Although traditionally it has been considered that seagrass beds host greater species diversity and abundance of organisms than adjacent unvegetated habitats, no differences in the univariate measures of fauna (abundance of organisms, number of species and Shannon diversity) were observed among habitats. However, sandy areas, coral rubble and seagrass beds exhibited different species composition of crustacean communities. The percentage of taxa considered as potential habitat specialists was 27% and the number of species exclusively occurring in one habitat was especially high in seagrass beds. Thus, degradation of this vegetated habitat would result in a great loss of biodiversity in tropical shallow soft‐bottom habitats.  相似文献